Le Jour de la Terre est la plus importante célébration environnementale par la société civile.
Célébré le 22 avril, le Jour de la Terre est un événement annuel mondial où plusieurs démonstrations qui soutiennent la protection de l’environnement sont effectuées et coordonnées grâce au Earth Day Network
Aux États-Unis, le symbole de cet événement est une combinaison des lettres « E » et « O », pour Environment and Organism, de couleur verte sur un fond blanc : 
.
Célébré pour la première fois le sous l’impulsion du sénateur du Wisconsin Gaylord Nelson qui encouragea les étudiants à sensibiliser à l’environnement dans leurs communautés, le Jour de la Terre marque tous les ans l’anniversaire de la naissance du mouvement environnemental le plus important de la planète.
Selon Gaylord Nelson, le nom de Earth Day ou « Jour de la Terre » semblait « évident et logique » et suggéré par de très nombreuses personnes, dont un ami dans les relations publiques, directeur de la publicité New Yorkaise, Julian Koenig en 1969. Année durant laquelle Koenig était dans le comité d’organisation de cet événement et remarqua la même sonorité entre birthday et Earth day puisqu’il fut né un 22 avril, jour sélectionné pour le Jour de la Terre, la connexion semblait naturelle.
De plus, Denis Hayes, un étudiant qui a participé à l’élaboration du premier Jour de la Terre employait également cette nomination dans la presse et la communication ce qui fait que le nom est resté.
Dans le même temps, John McConnell, un activiste militant pour la protection de l’environnement, proposa une autre date pour le Jour de la Terre qui était le 20 ou le 21 mars, jour qui correspond à l’équinoxe de printemps, signification de renouveau pour lui.
Gaylord Nelson a proposé la première manifestation environnementale d’envergure sur le territoire américain pour interpeller la scène politique et forcer l’insertion de la problématique environnementale dans le cadre politique national. « C’était un pari, mais cela a fonctionné », rappelle-t-il. En effet, ce premier Jour de la Terre a mené à la création de l’agence de protection de l’environnement des États-Unis (EPA) sous le gouvernement de Richard Nixon en 1970 et à l’adoption des lois « Clean Air, Clean Water, and Endangered Species ».
En 1990, sous l’égide de l’écologiste américain Denis Hayes, le Jour de la Terre est devenu un événement planétaire, mobilisant 200 millions de personnes dans 141 pays et jouant un rôle de levier pour les enjeux environnementaux mondiaux4. Le Jour de la Terre a donné un élan énorme aux campagnes de sensibilisation à la réutilisation et au recyclage et le Sommet de la Terre des Nations unies de 1992 à Rio de Janeiro.
Source: wikipedia
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